南島語族的常染早已被證時是起源於東南亞島嶼

One important component (grey) is both specific for Austronesian-speaking populations and highly frequent across ISEA (Fig. S9). It reaches 60–70 % in the two aboriginal Taiwanese groups in the sample—the equivalent cluster in Pan-Asian SNP data approaches 100 % (Abdulla et al. 2009)—peaking in our dataset in the Philippines, Sumatra and Sulawesi (70–90 %), and is virtually absent from Continental Asia, suggesting an insular origin. Comparison between the analyses with five and ten ancestral populations also suggests that this was part of the larger Southeast Asian component in the former. Considering the major postglacial signal observed in mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation in both our founder analysis and in earlier analyses (Hill et al. 2007; Karafet et al. 2010; Soares et al. 2008, 2011; Trejaut et al. 2014), and the sharing of many lineages between ISEA and Taiwan (Soares et al. 2008, 2011), this autosomal component may correspond to an ancestral cluster common to both Taiwan and ISEA that was established before the hypothetical dispersal of Austronesian. Even if we consider that there is likely a signal of Austronesian expansion “out-of-Taiwan” in the genome-wide data (see below), this component, which is most frequent in Taiwan, the Philippines, the Mentawai Islands and Sulawesi, disparate islands at opposite extremes of the Sunda shelf, could explain why a maximum likelihood population tree of the Pan-Asian SNP data indicated Taiwan as an offshoot of ISEA diversity (Abdulla et al. 2009). Such population trees only depict broad patterns and, although a minor component could show an ancestry in Taiwan when compared with ISEA, the most frequent component could show the overall opposite ancestry.

大致講一下，灰色基因是南島語族群的共通常染，少見於亞州大陸，而被該篇研究確認是起源東南亞群島，此外，該篇也有提及B4a1a這種非常典型又不見於亞州大陸的南島粒腺體在1.5萬年前就出現在東南亞群島，比福建奇何洞人的9千年，菲律賓Igorot 南島人在1.2萬至8000年從中國南方遷入菲律賓都還要早，足見中國南方人群的南島常染是從東南亞群島起源北上的

來源

resolving the ancestry of austronesian-speaking populations